Threshold incentives over multiple periods and the sales hockey stick phenomenon

In this article, we study threshold‐based sales‐force incentives and their impact on a dealer's optimal effort. A phenomenon, observed in practice, is that the dealer exerts a large effort toward the end of the incentive period to boost sales and reach the threshold to make additional profits. In the literature, the resulting last‐period sales spike is sometimes called the hockey stick phenomenon (HSP). In this article, we show that the manufacturer's choice of the incentive parameters and the underlying demand uncertainty affect the dealer's optimal effort choice. This results in the sales HSP over multiple time periods even when there is a cost associated with waiting. We then show that, by linking the threshold to a correlated market signal, the HSP can be regulated. We also characterize the variance of the total sales across all the periods and demonstrate conditions under the sales variance can be reduced. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

方差分量的Bayes二次无偏估计及可容许估计的非负性

对于有P 个方差分量的线性模型,本文导出了方差分量线性函数的Bayes 不变二次无偏估计的显示表达式,证明了Bayes 不变二次无偏估计类形成了可容许的不变二次无偏估计的完全类。在可容许的不变二次无偏估计类中,讨论了非负参数函数的非负估计问题,给出了可容许的非负定估计存在的充要条件。     

最小费用树

本文在赋边权w和顶点权θ的网络中,建立了最小费用树问题的网络模型。文中对问题的复杂性进行了讨论并给出了求解问题的算法     

一种多方位一距离目标定位的最小二乘伴随估计器

对纯方位最小二乘估计器,在已知某时刻一个观测距离的情况下,导出了一种伴随型的目标速度估计器．该算法嵌入原最小二乘估计器之中,计算简单且便于工程应用．     

微分方程的有界性与概周期解的存在性

本文考虑高维非自治概周期系统ｄｘｄｔ＝ｆ（ｔ,ｘ）,利用对ｘ的分量分组构造Ｌｉａｐｕｎｏｖ函数的方法讨论了其概周期解的存在性。所得结果去掉了文献中系统存在有界解的假设,得到了比较明显的改进。     

关于强增生算子的Mann迭代序列收敛的充要条件

设Z是一致光滑Banach空间,T：X→X是次连续强增生算子,｛an｝、｛βn｝是两个实数列且满足0≤an≤1,及an→0（n→∞）,令Mann迭代序列｛Xn｝定义为证明了迭代序列｛xn｝强收敛于S的不动点q的充要条件是｜｜Txn｜｜有界。     

基于CEC系统舰艇编队防空作战最小共享信息集研究

根据最小共享信息集的概念,提出了基于CEC系统舰艇编队协同防空作战的智能系统模型,分析了舰艇编队CEC系统的作战功能和作战信息,提出了确定舰艇编队协同防空作战的最小共享信息集的事件法,并应用信息论证明了事件法的确能够减少通信的信息量。在上述基础上,确定了舰艇编队协同防空作战的最小共享信息集。     

基于集对分析的海上油料补给方法选择优化

针对各种复杂环境对海上油料补给方法选择的不确定性影响,在分析海上油料补给方法选择影响因素的基础上,确定了海上油料补给方法选择的属性要素,运用集对分析理论建立了海上油料补给方法选择的优化模型;采用变异系数法计算属性权重,通过构建海上油料补给方法选择的正、负理想方案,确定了各备选方案与理想方案之间的联系度。算例分析结果表明,将集对分析运用于海上油料补给方法的选择,能够有效降低多种复杂因素对油料补给方法选择的不确定性影响。     

某装备系统机电产品贮存可靠性评估方法

针对某装备系统机电产品长期自然贮存环境下可靠性无法准确评估的难题,提出了一种基于极小χ2估计和拟合优度检验的贮存可靠性评估方法,并对试验数据进行了分析、计算和处理。该方法通过拟合产品的失效分布来确定其分布函数参数,并根据确定的分布函数来预测产品的贮存可靠寿命。与现有的评估方法相比,采用该方法确定的分布函数更能反映产品的可靠性变化规律,对机电产品的贮存寿命预测结果更加合理,在工程研究领域具有很好的实用价值。     

Minimum violations and predictive meta‐rankings for college football

This article presents two meta‐ranking models that minimize or nearly minimize violations of past game results while predicting future game winners as well as or better than leading current systems—a combination never before offered for college football. Key to both is the development and integration of a highly predictive ensemble probability model generated from the analysis of 36 existing college football ranking systems. This ensemble model is used to determine a target ranking that is used in two versions of a hierarchical multiobjective mixed binary integer linear program (MOMBILP). When compared to 75 other systems out‐of‐sample, one MOMBILP was the leading predictive system while getting within 0.64% of the retrodictive optimum; the other MOMBILP minimized violations while achieving a prediction total that was 2.55% lower than the best mark. For bowls, prediction sums were not statistically significantly different from the leading value, while achieving optimum or near‐optimum violation counts. This performance points to these models as potential means of reconciling the contrasting perspectives of predictiveness versus the matching of past performance when it comes to ranking fairness in college football. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 17–33, 2014